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Engineering Resource

Engineering Resource

Tungsten heavy alloys exist for density. That single property brings with it a machining behaviour closer to a tough, abrasive metal than to anything easy — and the process has to respect it.

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What tungsten heavy alloys are

Tungsten heavy alloys are tungsten-based composites with nickel-iron or nickel-copper binders, typically around 90–97% tungsten by weight and 17–18.5 g/cm³ in density — roughly twice that of steel. Pure tungsten is extremely brittle; the binder is what makes the material machinable at all.

Why they are difficult

  • Abrasive: the tungsten phase wears tools quickly.
  • Tough: the binder resists cutting and can smear.
  • Dense: mass affects fixturing and vibration behaviour.
  • Heat: poor conduction keeps heat at the cutting edge.

Process controls that work

Dedicated tooling with wear-resistant geometry, moderate cutting speeds and a rigid setup that respects the part's mass; constant feed to avoid rubbing and work hardening; and controlled deburring, because tungsten alloy edges chip rather than deform. Critical dimensions are verified on a Zeiss CMM.

Where they are used

Counterweights and ballast, radiation shielding, vibration damping masses, and precision masses in aerospace, medical and instrumentation equipment.

FAQ

Frequently asked questions

Density — around twice that of steel, so the same mass fits in half the volume, or twice the mass fits in the same space.
It is more demanding than steel: tools wear faster and cutting speeds are lower, so the process costs more. A DFM review usually finds where that can be trimmed.
±0.005 mm on 3-axis work and ±0.01 mm standard on simultaneous 5-axis, verified on a Zeiss CMM.
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